This study examines the relations of higher order (i.e., abstract) thinking (HOT) skills to specific domains of social competence in Black boys (n = 108) attending publicly sponsored prekindergarten (pre-K) programs. Scott, Kristin M Barbarin, Oscar A Brown, Jeffrey M I describe the instructional strategies used within these manuals to foster higher-order cognitive development.įrom higher order thinking to higher order behavior: exploring the relationship between early cognitive skills and social competence in black boys. Two of the laboratory manuals were disparate in having activities that utilized higher-order cognition. The results of this study show that the overwhelming majority of general chemistry laboratory manuals provide tasks that require the use of only the lower- order cognitive skills: knowledge, comprehension, and application. Analysis was based upon the six major cognitive categories of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Three experiments from each manual were examined for evidence of higher-order cognitive activities. This paper reports the results of a content analysis of ten general chemistry laboratory manuals. The science laboratory instructional environment is ideal for fostering the development of problem-solving, manipulative, and higher-order thinking skills: the skills needed by today's learner to compete in an ever increasing technology-based society. A Content Analysis of General Chemistry Laboratory Manuals for Evidence of Higher-Order Cognitive Tasks
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